Effects of the Implementation of an Intervention Based on Falls Education Programmes on an Older Adult Population Practising Pilates-A Pilot Study.

Age brings consequent physical deterioration of body balance, strength, flexibility and agility. It has been demonstrated that daily physical activity (PA), managed by professionals, is fundamental to ageing with increased quality and to reducing the number of falls, which are a consequence of factors highlighted above. This has been most evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study is to determine and analyse the effects of a multidisciplinary intervention based on the Safe Fall, Safe Schools, adapted utilitarian judo (JUA) and Pilates programmes in a population of older people. After an intervention of 60 min, 2 days a week for 12 weeks, the changes produced in variables such as quality of life, balance, lower body strength, flexibility and agility were analysed. A p-value ≤ 0.05 is accepted. The data show that the intervention can help to improve quality of life, especially two of its dimensions: pain (increases 12 points) and health transition (increases 13 points). It also helped to improve balance, lower body strength, flexibility and agility to a lesser extent. It is concluded that this type of intervention has positive effects for the sample in all the variables mentioned above.

Development and test-retest reliability of the Combat Sports Post-Career Health Questionnaire (CSPCHQ).

The long-term impact of weight cycling on health status, eating habits, physical activity and the lifestyle of former combat sports athletes is still insufficiently explored. Therefore, a novel questionnaire in English, Portuguese, Spanish and Croatian language was constructed. To determine the reliability and the content/face validity, a total of 110 participants filled the questionnaire on two occasions. With the majority of intra-class correlation coefficient values above 0·75, the questionnaire items were shown to be very stable. Additionally, according to κ values, the questionnaire has fair test-retest reliability, with only one coefficient being labelled as poor (Q40 in ESP). All questionnaire sub-scales showed moderate to very good internal consistency when the overall sample was observed (α ranging from 0·605 to 0·802). Poor α values were found only in Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire for CRO and ESP samples. Wilcoxon's signed rank test showed significant differences only in the Mindful Eating Questionnaire sub-scale scores (overall: P = 0·002, effect size = -0·208 [moderate]; CRO: P = 0·005, effect size = 0·303 [moderate]). It can be concluded that the newly developed questionnaire had strong test-retest reliability. Further validity research in a larger sample of former combat sports athletes should be considered.

Effects of Contextual Interference on Learning of Falling Techniques.

The main aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of high contextual interference (HCI) and low contextual interference (LCI) on motor learning of falling techniques. Thirty-five kinesiology students (21 males and 14 females; mean ± SD, age = 19.4 ± 0.69 years) were randomly assigned to the HCI or LCI practice group. The participants' task was to learn two judo falling techniques on both sides over 3 weeks. The two-way analysis of variance found no difference between LCI and HCI in the performance at the pretest, posttest, retention, and transfer. Both groups improved posttest and retention performance. Finally, differences were found for both groups between the falling performance in the posttest and the application test (except for the right yoko ukemi fall in the HCI). Lower application test scores led to the conclusion that the 3-week treatment was insufficient to reach the application level of the falling techniques.

Effects of Fall Training Program on Automatization of Safe Motor Responses During Backwards Falls in School-Age Children.

A significant number of children suffer injuries from falls. The current measures of prevention and education regarding falls are not sufficient, as falling is still the main cause of injury at this age. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of injury during a backward fall and assess the effect of the Safe Fall training program on this risk. 457 primary school children between the ages of 6 and 12 (mean age of 9) were enrolled in a 6-week randomized intervention. The program was carried out during physical education classes and consisted of an intervention group that followed the Safe Fall training program and a control group that was given equilibrium exercises. The risk of injury was assessed before and after the implementation using the Information Scale on Safe Ways of Falling observation scale, evaluating the responses of five different body parts (head, hip, knees, upper limbs and back). Students' natural response to falls was associated with a high risk of injury in more than 90% of the cases. The implementation of the Safe Fall program resulted in a considerable decrease in this risk, with percentages lowered to levels between 8.7% and 18.3%.

Children's Improvement of a Motor Response during Backward Falls through the Implementation of a Safe Fall Program.

The World Health Organization has warned that, in children, the second cause of death from unintentional injuries are falls. The objective of this study was to analyze the motor response of primary schoolchildren when a backwards fall occurs. These analyses occurred before and after interventions of the Safe Fall program, which aims to teach safe and protected ways of backward falling. A quasi-experimental research design was used, with a sample of 122 Spanish (Sevillian) schoolchildren in the 10⁻12 age bracket. The INFOSECA ad-hoc observation scale was used for data collection: this scale registers 5 essential physical reactions throughout the process of a safe and protected backwards fall. After that, a number of descriptive, correlational and contrast statistics were applied. The value used in the McNemar test to establish statistical significance was p < 0.05. Results showed that over 85% of students had developed the competence to correctly perform all five physical motions that allow for a safer backward fall. The teaching of safe and protected techniques for falling backwards in child population in Primary Education is possible through the implementation of the Safe Fall program in Physical Education classes, which can help making falls safer, diminishing the risk and severity of the injuries they cause.

Effects of the Application of a Program of Adapted Utilitarian Judo (JUA) on the Fear of Falling Syndrome (FOF) for the Health Sustainability of the Elderly Population.

This research analyzes the fall history of a group of elderly people and studies the effects of an intervention program based on Adapted Utilitarian Judo (JUA) to teach fall control in subjects with fear of falling syndrome (FOF). We adopted a quasi-experimental research design with pre-post measurement of the experimental group, in a healthy, pre-fragile sample of 12 women aged 71.5 ± 8 years, chosen using non-probabilistic-incidental accessibility sampling. The WHO questionnaire was used for the functional assessment of the fall. To evaluate FOF, we applied the 16-item version of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), (pretest and posttest). This intervention program was based on Adapted Utilitarian Judo and conducted over 8 weeks, with two 60-minute sessions each week. After analyzing the scores obtained by the subjects in the pre and post FES-I, we found that the intervention with the JUA program had been significant for the experimental group with p ≤ 0.004, and there was an 11.9% decrease in the fear of falling (FES-I pos = 18.17). The results show that after the application of the JUA program there were significant improvements in subjects' perception of FOF, with this being greater in those who had the highest levels of fear of falling before the intervention.

Estudio observacional del sexismo en la educación física del sur de España / Estudo observacional do sexismo na educação física do sul da Espanha / Observational study on sexism in physical education in southern Spain

Esta investigación analiza el comportamiento de 240 estudiantes para determinar cómo se establecen conductas sexistas entre el alumnado de Educación Secundaria, en Sevilla (España), dentro de la sesión práctica de Educación Física. Se categorizaron códigos descriptivos de observación. Se identificaron tres categorías relacionadas con conductas sexistas: implicación en la tarea, solicitación de información adicional y aceptación de tareas. Se utilizó una escala de observación para registrar las frecuencias. El test Mann-Whitney estableció una p<0.05 para rechazar la hipótesis nula. Aparecen comportamientos sexistas en la implicación en la tarea. No aparece discriminación en la solicitación de información adicional y aceptación de tareas.

This study analyzed the behavior of 240 students to determine how sexist behavior is established among Secondary Education students in Seville (Spain), during the practical session of Physical Education. Descriptive codes were set for observation. Three categories related to sexist behavior were identified: involvement in the task; requesting additional information; and task acceptance. An observation scale was used to record frequencies. The Mann-Whitney test established p<0.05 to reject the null hypothesis. Sexist behaviors emerge in involvement in task. No discrimination appears in requesting additional information and task acceptance.

Esta pesquisa analisa o comportamento de 240 estudantes para determinar como se estabelecem comportamentos sexistas entre os alunos de Educação Física da Educação Secundária em Sevilha (Espanha). Categorizaram-se códigos descritivos de observação. Foram identificadas três categorias relacionadas ao comportamento sexista: envolvimento na tarefa, solicitação de informação adicional e aceitação de tarefas. Uma escala de observação foi utilizada para registrar as frequências. O teste de Mann-Whitney establece uma p < 0,05 para rejeitar a hipótese nula. Encontrou-se comportamento sexista no envolvimento na tarefa. Não aparece discriminação na solicitação de informação adicional e aceitação de tarefas.